POLITICAL POLARIZATION ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY PAKISTAN

Political polarisation unveils the degree of divergence of opinions regarding political matters in society and might, in turn, rely on the development of economic outcomes. Political polarisation builds policy gaps, obstructs governance and impedes policy implementation.

The Indo-pacific region is enfolding the vast areas and islands which surroundings either the Indian Ocean or the Pacific Ocean. In the geopolitical theme the term earliest used by the German geopolitician in 1920s in his numerous work on geopolitics.

The Russo-Ukraine War has exposed the vulnerabilities of Western Europe’s energy security, which has traditionally relied heavily on Russian energy supplies. This excessive dependency has resulted in energy shortages, price volatility, and inflation due to continuing disruptions. By employing the scenario-building technique, this study offers insight into the implications of the War on energy security,

This article aims to examine the China-US strategic competition and its impacts on agricultural cooperation between the two powers. Over the past two decades, China`s comprehensive influence across the world has challenged the US hegemony that it has held for three decades

. The book covers essential areas such as grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, and writing skills, offering detailed explanations and exercises. It helps students build a strong command of English through practical sections on essay writing, precis, and sentence correction. With its focus on improving both written and spoken English, the book serves as a valuable resource for exam preparation and language development.

“Practical English Usage” by Michael Swan is a comprehensive guide that addresses common English grammar and usage issues faced by learners. It provides clear explanations of complex grammar rules, vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions, focusing on practical solutions to everyday language problems.

These words have been meticulously chosen from the Dawn newspaper and hold significant importance for competitive exams.

“English Grammar in Use” by Raymond Murphy is a widely used and highly respected self-study reference and practice book for learners of English

“Wren and Martin’s High School English Grammar and Composition” is a renowned grammar book for students.

“Oxford Practice Grammar” by John Eastwood is a comprehensive and authoritative grammar practice series for learners of English.