Theories of Crime Causation
Definition, explanation, and difference among Crime, criminology, and Criminal law
In “A People’s History of the United States,” Howard Zinn presents an alternative narrative of American history, focusing on the experiences and struggles of marginalized groups, including Native Americans, women, African Americans, laborers, and immigrants. Challenging traditional accounts, Zinn argues that the US has been shaped by ongoing class struggle, imperialist expansion, and resistance from […]
The American Promise: A History of the United States” presents a comprehensive narrative of American history from the pre-Columbian era to the present, exploring the complex interactions between diverse social, cultural, and economic groups. The book examines the struggle for freedom, equality, and power, and the nation’s transformation from colonial outpost to global superpower, emphasizing […]
In “The Cold War: A New History,” John Lewis Gaddis provides a concise and authoritative account of the global ideological conflict between democracy and authoritarianism from 1945 to 1991. Gaddis examines the origins, evolution, and legacy of the Cold War, analyzing the roles of key leaders, nuclear deterrence, espionage, and proxy wars, and arguing that […]
“The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution,” Bernard Bailyn challenges traditional views by arguing that the Revolution was primarily driven by intellectual and ideological factors, rather than economic or social ones. He contends that colonists, influenced by Enlightenment thinkers and Whig ideology, saw themselves as defenders of English liberties against British corruption and tyranny. Bailyn […]
The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte, translated and condensed by Harriet Martineau, is a comprehensive presentation of Comte’s key ideas on positivism. Comte’s philosophy argues that human thought progresses through three stages: the theological, metaphysical, and positive (scientific). In the positive stage, knowledge is based on scientific observation and empirical evidence rather than religious or […]
The Division of Labor in Society by Émile Durkheim, first published in 1893, is a foundational sociological text that explores how the division of labor contributes to social cohesion and the functioning of societies. Durkheim argues that as societies evolve from traditional, simple structures to more complex, industrialized ones, the nature of social solidarity shifts […]
Sociology and Society by Paul B. Horton and Chester L. Hunt is an introductory textbook that provides a broad overview of the field of sociology. It examines the fundamental principles of sociology, including the study of culture, socialization, social groups, and institutions like family, education, and religion. The book also explores social stratification, social change, […]
Social Theory and Social Structure by Robert K. Merton is a seminal work in sociology that addresses the relationship between social theory and empirical research. Published in 1949, Merton explores how social structures influence individual behavior and introduces key concepts such as manifest and latent functions, reference groups, and the “self-fulfilling prophecy.” One of Merton’s […]