“Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch” by Immanuel Kant, published in 1795, outlines a vision for achieving lasting peace among nations. Kant proposes a series of principles for establishing a peaceful international order, starting with the idea that republics, where citizens have a say in governance, are less likely to go to war. He suggests that states should form a federation of free nations, bound by mutual respect and shared legal frameworks, to prevent conflict. Kant emphasizes that peace must be based on the rule of law, respecting sovereignty, and non-interference in internal affairs. He also advocates for universal hospitality, meaning that foreigners should be treated with dignity and rights when visiting other nations. Ultimately, Kant’s work argues that peace is not a natural state, but a moral and rational goal that can be achieved through cooperative institutions, just laws, and the spread of republican governance.