Social Theory and Social Structure by Robert K. Merton is a seminal work in sociology that addresses the relationship between social theory and empirical research. Published in 1949, Merton explores how social structures influence individual behavior and introduces key concepts such as manifest and latent functions, reference groups, and the “self-fulfilling prophecy.” One of Merton’s most influential contributions is his theory of “middle-range theories,” which calls for developing theories that bridge the gap between abstract sociological concepts and specific empirical observations. The book also discusses issues of social deviance and the role of institutions in maintaining social order. Merton’s work has had a lasting impact on modern sociology, shaping the study of social systems and behavior.